Guides
index
INCORE Thematic Guide to sources on Second Track Diplomacy
Version 1/03, May 2003. Compiled by Benkis Skrijelj.
The aim of this INCORE thematic guide about second track
diplomacy, also known as multi-track diplomacy, is to provide full-text
publications and resources for those interested whether academically
or practically in second track diplomacy and peacebuilding efforts.
In this context, second track diplomacy is understood as activities
undertaken by non-governmental actors to transform conflicts between
and within states.
Inclusion in this guide does
not imply an endorsement by INCORE of the views expressed in any
of these sources. If you have a complaint about this guide or believe
that we have omitted a relevant source please read our information
about the guides before writing to us. You may find that this
will answer some of your questions. This includes a warning about
the type of information included in the guide, information about
our 'criteria for inclusion' in the guides and about our 'updating
and additions policy'.
General
Resources
Articles
Online-Journals
Trainings
/ Courses
Institutions / NGOs
Internet Resources
Articles
General :
Conflict
Management Toolkit -The
Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced International Studies
(SAIS). The conflict management toolkit is a project created
and run entirely by second year students in the Conflict Management
Program at The Johns Hopkins University School for Advanced
International Studies (SAIS) and explains the major theories
in the field of conflict management.
http://www.sais-jhu.edu/CMtoolkit/index.php?name=pm-diplomacy
Conflict
Research Consortium - International
Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict, University of
Colorado, USA. The
website offers and introductory article about ”Unofficial
Communication, Citizen Diplomacy, and Multi-track Diplomacy” and
various articles and links about multi-track diplomacy.
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/citdip.htm
Distance
Learning Course in Conflict Management and Negotiation -
Inter-American Defense College.The Inter-American Defense College (IADC), in association with
the Institute of World Affairs, offer an on-line course on conflict
management and negotiation and provide general information about
track-two approaches to conflict resolution.
http://iadc.iwa.org/en/Unit6.htm
Berghof Handbook - Berghof Research Center
The Berghof Handbook includes many valuable articles and aims
to offer a systematic overview of the state-of-the-art of conflict
transformation, documenting and assessing the various strengths
and weaknesses of these approaches.
http://www.berghof-handbook.net/cf.htm
Field
Diplomacy: A new conflict prevention paradigm?
In
this article Luc Reychler discuss the role and function of
field diplomacy which he refers to “a credible
presence in the field, a serious commitment to conflict transformation,
a multi-level approach, elicitive engagement, a broad time perspective,
attention to the deeper layers of the conflict, preference for
an integrative conflict-prevention policy, and the recognition
of the inter-dependency between seemingly different conflicts.”
George Mason University
Second
Track Diplomacy – shalom.org
This honors thesis was written by Michael Bavly in 1999. This
essay explains the theory of Second Track Diplomacy while using
the Palestinian-Israeli peace process as a case study.
http://www.shalam.org/SecondTrackDiplomacy.htm
Multi-Track
Diplomacy in the 21st Century - European
Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation. Article
by Louise Diamond where she examines how multi-track diplomacy
could become a major force for peacebuilding efforts in a turbulent
and often violent world of the 21st century.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~conflic1/pbp/part1/6_multit.htm
Exploring
the local capacity for peace: the role of NGOs -
ACP-EU
Courier (development magazine). In this article Paul van
Tongeren stresses the advantages of second track actors towards
sustainable peacebuilding efforts instead of interest-led
politics of states and their diplomats.
Click Here
Case Studies
Preventing
Genocide in Burundi
Lessons from International Diplomacy – United
States Institute of Peace
http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/weissm22/chap5_22.html
Track
Two Diplomacy and Regional Security in the Middle East: Prospects
and Limits
The George Washington
University. Draft paper from Dalia Dassa Kaye, The George Washington
University, prepared for delivery at the 2001 Annual Meeting
of the International Studies Association, Chicago Hilton, February
20-24, 2001.
http://home.datacomm.ch/sbrem/ISA2001.Diplomacy.pdf
The Role of Track Two Diplomacy in the Democratic Republic
of Congo Conflict -
Africa Journal
in Conflict Resolution - No. 2/2000, Article
by Sagaren Naidoo.
http://www.accord.org.za/web.nsf/0/39a63d7f7102a7a342256a080031c07a?OpenDocument
Multi-Track
Diplomacy in Cyprus -
European Centre for Conflict
Prevention. Article
written by Louise Diamond.
http://www.xs4all.nl/~conflic1/pbp/2/7_cyprus.htm
Online Journals
The Online
Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution (OJPCR)
The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution is intended
as a resource for students, teachers and practitioners in fields
relating to the reduction and elimination of conflict. It desires
to be a free, yet valuable, source of information to aid anyone
trying to work toward a less violent and more cooperative world.
http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/
Peace and Conflict Studies, published by The Network
of Peace and Conflict Studies, George Mason University
The
journal is committed to academic research on conflict analysis
and resolution, peace building, humanitarian intervention,
peacekeeping and other mechanisms that seek to prevent and
control violence. We are also interested in publishing articles
which focus on promoting global social change and nonviolence:
ecological balance, development, human rights, peace movements
and gender. The journal’s
aim is to provide space for the interactive research needed for
the accumulation of a knowledge base in peace and conflict research.
The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
(ACCORD)
This magazine offers at-a-glance overviews of both developments
in conflicts and positive steps towards renaissance on the continent
of Africa. Also included are in-depth articles focusing on conflict
analysis.
Articles are longer and more in depth than those found in Conflict
Trends, and of an overtly academic nature.
Four times per year the Conflict Resolution Center International
(CRCI) publishes Conflict Resolution Notes, which provides the
latest thinking and ideas on conflict resolution for practitioners.
Track two is a quarterly publication of the Centre for Conflict
Resolution and the Media Peace Centre (South Africa) to promote
innovative and constructive approaches to community and political
conflict, as an alternative to traditional adversarial tactics.
Peace and Conflict Studies, published by The Lentz Peace Research
Association, is designed to discuss various issues in peace research
and conflict analysis. It publishes articles which deal with
the environment, social change, grassroots movements, poverty
and hunger, alternative economic development, human security,
non-hierarchical world order, economic equity, nonviolence, disarmament,
cultural studies, feminine views of peace, green politics, critical
pedagogy and conflict resolution.
http://www.gmu.edu/academic/pcs/
The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
(ACCORD)
Conflict TrendsThis magazine offers at-a-glance
overviews of both developments in conflicts and positive steps
towards renaissance on the continent of Africa. Also included
are in-depth articles focusing on conflict analysis.
http://www.accord.org.za/web.nsf
African Journal in Conflict Resolution
Articles are longer and more in depth than those found in Conflict
Trends, and of an overtly academic nature. http://www.accord.org.za/web.nsf/Pub%5CJournal!OpenPage
Conflict Resolution Notes Four times per year the Conflict Resolution Center International
(CRCI) publishes Conflict Resolution Notes, which provides the
latest thinking and ideas on conflict resolution for practitioners.
http://www.conflictres.org/crnotes.html
Track
Two
Track two is a quarterly publication of the Centre for Conflict
Resolution and the Media Peace Centre (South Africa) to promote
innovative and constructive approaches to community and political
conflict, as an alternative to traditional adversarial tactics.
http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/two/
Peace and Conflict Studies
Peace and Conflict Studies, published by The Lentz Peace Research
Association, is designed to discuss various issues in peace research
and conflict analysis. It publishes articles which deal with
the environment, social change, grassroots movements, poverty
and hunger, alternative economic development, human security,
non-hierarchical world order, economic equity, nonviolence, disarmament,
cultural studies, feminine views of peace, green politics, critical
pedagogy and conflict resolution.
http://www.trenton.edu/~psm/pcs/
Trainings / Courses
Peace
Brigades International
Peace Brigades International (PBI) is a grassroots organization
that explores and promotes nonviolent peacekeeping and support
for human rights. They have a number of projects around the world.
Additionally, PBI trains people in nonviolence, conflict resolution
and human rights, and documents conflicts and initiatives for
peace.
http://www.igc.apc.org/pbi/index.html
Community Relations Council (CRC)
A Belfast
based organisation, dedicated to the promotion of better community
relation between the communities in Northern Ireland, and to the recognition
of cultural diversity. Extensive resources are available on-line including
news and press releases, and a number of CRC publications.
http://www.community-relations.org.uk
International Peace Academy (New York, USA)
Among other activities, IPA runs a programme of seminars on
peacekeeping and conflict resolution for military, diplomatic,
political, and humanitarian personnel; participants include diplomats,
military officers, and staff members of the UN, other regional
and international institutions, humanitarian agencies and non
governmental institutions. To meet the growing demand, IPA is
undertaking a major extension of its training seminar programme
in 1996 by launching two new annual seminars on Peacemaking and
Peacekeeping, in New York and Addis Ababa. [Olara A. Ottunu,
Margaret A. Vogt, et al.]
http://www.ipacademy.inter.net/seminar.htm
Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (Stradschlaining,
Austria)
Since 1993 ASPR has offered the IPT course, the 'Civilian Peace-Keeping
and Peace- Building and Training Program' in co-operation with
the European Centre for Peace Studies (EPU). The program consists
of a three week foundation course, followed by an optional one
week function-oriented training. The courses are offered several
times a year and are aimed at qualified civilians interested
in participating in peace- keeping and peace-building activities
in conflict regions. Faculty is drawn from an international group
of resource persons familiar with the UN and NGO activities in
this realm. ASPR is also involved in other training activities,
an example being a 'Summer School on the OSCE' (July-August 1997),
in collaboration with the Netherlands Helsinki Committee and
the Berghof Research Centre (Berlin, Germany). [Arno Truger,
Renate Korber, Friedrich Glasl, Dudley Weeks, et al]
http://www.aspr.ac.at/aspr.htm
Post
War Reconstruction & Development Unit
Since
October 1996, the PDRU of the Institute of Advanced Architectural
Studies of the University of York, has offered a one year
modular MA course in "Post-War
Recovery Studies" for humanitarian aid workers, development practitioners,
and peace-keepers working in war-torn countries. There are four major components:
Understanding conflict and the international response; practical skills of
working in conflict and settlement reconstruction; strategic planning and
project evaluation; managerial, organisational and training skills. [Sultan
Barakat, Sue Ellis]
http://www.york.ac.u
k/depts/arch/gsp/postwar/intro.htm
Centre
for Conflict Resolution (Bradford)
Bradford
offers academic programmes in Peace Studies (BA and MA and
Post Graduate Diploma). Staff and researchers associated with
Working In Conflict Zones are also in the business of facilitating
an extensive programme of training seminars and workshops,
both domestically and internationally. Constituencies have
been diplomats from Eastern Europe, teachers, social workers,
health professionals, industrial dispute negotiators, and management
personnel, as well as peace and human rights activists, NGO's,
church groups, and community education projects. Countries
where the centre has provided training workshops include Sri
Lanka, Malaysia, Uganda, Croatia, Serbia, and Macedonia.[Nick
Lewer, Tom Woodhouse]
http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/confres/crchome.html
University of Maryland
The Center for International Development and Conflict Management
(CIDCM) conducts an intensive short program on second track diplomacy
and peace building within the field of alternative dispute resolution
to provide experiential learning and multiple perspectives on
ways to bring about conflict transformation and peace building.
http://www.testudo.umd.edu/soc/winter/workshops.html
Humanitarian Assistance Training Inventory (HATI)
The focus of this database of Humanitarian Assistance Training
Inventory (HATI) is on training for the staff of humanitarian
assistance organizations.
http://www.reliefweb.int/training/index.html
Lester Pearson Peacekeeping Centre
The Pearson Peacekeeping Centre offers an extensive line of
courses for any individual involved in peace operations activities
and also delivers customized versions of their courses to meet
the specific needs of organizations.
http://www.peaceoperations.org/
Summer
Peacebuilding Institute (SPI)
The Summer Peacebuilding Institute is a program of the Conflict
Transformation Program (CTP) at Eastern Mennonite University
(EMU) in Harrisonburg, Virginia. SPI is designed to provide
specialized, intensive training in peacebuilding, conflict
transformation, trauma healing, and restorative justice to
practitioners from around the world. SPI offers a sequence
of courses in 7-day intensive formats during May and June,
which may be taken for academic credit or as professional training
(non-credit).
http://www.emu.edu/ctp/
International Conflict Research (INCORE)
The annual International Summer School offers a structured learning
opportunity based on the latest research and concepts in specific
topics of conflict resolution. Senior level participants from
all backgrounds - practitioner, policy-maker, academic - are
invited to compare, contrast and learn from different perspectives.
INCORE (International Conflict Research) was set up in 1993 by
the University of Ulster and the United Nations University to
undertake research and policy work that is useful to the resolution
of ethnic, political and religious conflicts.
http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/courses/ss/index.html
Institutions / NGOs
Search for Common Ground
With details
of its various projects around the world, Search for Common
Ground offers a toolbox of conflict resolution techniques among
other things.
http://www.searchforcommonground.org
European Platform
for Conflict Prevention
The European
Platform for Conflict Prevention and Transformation is a network
of European non-governmental organisations involved in the prevention and/or
resolution of violent conflicts in the international arena. Its mission is
to facilitate the exchange of information and experience among participating
organisations, as well as to stimulate co-operation and synergy. The secretariat
of the Platform is hosted by the European Centre for Conflict Prevention
which is based in Utrecht, the Netherlands. This extensive resource offers
a series of Internet based country surveys, thematic essays, and organisation
lists by country.
http://www.euconflict.org
Coexistence Initiative
Based in
New York, the Coexistence Initiative 'seeks to catalyse a global
awareness of, and commitment to, creating a world safe for
difference'. The Initiative develops and promotes programmes
for positive coexistence. The website provides information
and resources as well as a number of searchable databases.
http://www.coexistence.net/
Community
Relations Council (CRC)
A Belfast
based organisation, dedicated to the promotion of better community
relation between the communities in Northern Ireland, and to the recognition
of cultural diversity. Extensive resources are available on-line including
news and press releases, and a number of CRC publications.
http://www.community-relations.org.uk
Co-operation
Ireland
With offices
in Belfast, Dublin, London and New York, this organisation
works on a cross border basis to promote mutual understanding
and respect among the communities in the north and south of
Ireland. They organise a series of Youth education and community
programmes, an economic co-operation programme, and a number
of fund-raising and special events.
http://www.co-operation-ireland.ie/
Corrymeela Community
Corrymeela
aims to provide an environment where mutual trust and respect
can be built with the two communities in Northern Ireland.
The community hosts a number of residentials, and offers a
series of training and learning projects in the field of conflict
and mediation.
http://www.corrymeela.org.uk
Department
of Peace and Conflict Research
Besides its
regular degree courses in Peace and Conflict Studies, Uppsala
has organised every year since 1988 a six week Advanced International
Program on Conflict Resolution (PACS) to contribute to conflict
resolution competence around the world. PACS focuses on the
theory and practice of managing large-scale organised conflicts
between and within states, on the trends and origins of contemporary
patterns of conflict and on ways of solving conflicts in equitable
and viable manners, and invites scholars and teachers at universities
and research institutes mostly residing in third world countries. In 1993
the Department convened its first Executive Seminar, bringing together well
known researchers as well as practitioners from international organisations
such as the UN, OAS, OAU, EU and OSCE. [Peter Wallensteen, Kjell-Ake Nordquist,
et al.]
http://www.pcr.uu.se/freds.html
Post
War Reconstruction & Development Unit
Since
October 1996, the PDRU of the Institute of Advanced Architectural
Studies of the University of York, has offered a one year
modular MA course in "Post-War
Recovery Studies" for humanitarian aid workers, development practitioners,
and peace-keepers working in war-torn countries. There are four major components:
Understanding conflict and the international response; practical skills of
working in conflict and settlement reconstruction; strategic planning and
project evaluation; managerial, organisational and training skills. [Sultan
Barakat, Sue Ellis]
http://www.york.ac.u
k/depts/arch/gsp/postwar/intro.htm
Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution (Stradschlaining,
Austria)
Since 1993 ASPR has offered the IPT course, the 'Civilian Peace-Keeping
and Peace- Building and Training Program' in co-operation with
the European Centre for Peace Studies (EPU). The program consists
of a three week foundation course, followed by an optional one
week function-oriented training. The courses are offered several
times a year and are aimed at qualified civilians interested
in participating in peace- keeping and peace-building activities
in conflict regions. Faculty is drawn from an international group
of resource persons familiar with the UN and NGO activities in
this realm. ASPR is also involved in other training activities,
an example being a 'Summer School on the OSCE' (July-August 1997),
in collaboration with the Netherlands Helsinki Committee and
the Berghof Research Centre (Berlin, Germany). [Arno Truger,
Renate Korber, Friedrich Glasl, Dudley Weeks, et al]
http://www.aspr.ac.at/aspr.htm
Conciliation Resources
Generally involved in support for community based peace initiatives,
sometimes involving training, such as vocational skills training
and policy analysis for journalists (Fiji, Sierra Leone), organisational
development and team building (Fiji), negotiation, mediation
and team building (Sierra Leone). [Andy Carl, David Lord, Davin
Bremner, Clem McCartney, et al.].
http://www.c-r.org/cr/
Collaborative for Development Action
The Collaborative for Development Action, Inc. is a consulting
agency based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1985, the
company has focused on economic and social development in Asia,
Africa, Latin America and Eastern and Central Europe. CDA staff
have worked in over seventy-five countries with over one hundred
international organizations, including European and North American
governments, United Nations agencies, the World Bank, members
of the Red Cross movement, universities and training centers,
and non-governmental organizations. CDA organizes and spearheads
efforts that focus on the role of third party actors in conflict
or post-conflict contexts. CDA currently directs efforts that
involve humanitarian and development agencies, peace and conflict
resolution organizations, multinational corporations and donor
agencies.
http://www.cdainc.com
Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy
The
final piece in the conceptual context of IMTD's practice is
the concept of Multi-Track Diplomacy. The term multi-track
diplomacy is based on the original distinction made by Joseph
Montville in 1981 between official, governmental actions to
resolve conflicts (track one) and unofficial efforts by non-
governmental professionals to resolve conflicts within and
between states (track two). Later, Louise Diamond coined the
phrase "multi-track
diplomacy," recognizing that to lump all track two activities
under one label did not capture the complexity or breadth of
unofficial diplomacy.
http://www.imtd.org/about.htm
The Carter Center
Programs are directed by resident experts or fellows, some of
whom teach at Emory University. They design and implement activities
in cooperation with President and Mrs. Carter, networks of world
leaders, other nongovernmental organizations, and partners in
the United States and abroad.
http://www.cartercenter.org/
Conflict Resolution Center International
Conflict Resolution Center International is a non-profit center
promoting non-violent conflict resolution. CRCI is home of one
of the largest libraries on conflict and dispute resolution which
is regularly updated and on-line.
http://www.conflictres.org/
International Alert
Drawing from field experience, IA contribute towards the development
of long-term policy approaches in conflict prevention and peacebuilding,
focusing on practical, concrete and accountable initiatives informed
by best practice. IA is one of the leading NGOs in the field
of conflict resolution.
http://www.international-alert.org/
Karuna Center for Peacebuilding
In regions experiencing protracted social conflict, the Karuna
Center for Peacebuilding offers training programs in conflict
prevention, transformation and management, with a special focus
on inter-communal dialogue and reconciliation.
http://www.karunacenter.org/
Lester Pearson Peacekeeping Center
The mission of the Lester Pearson Peacekeeping Center is to
support and enhance the Canadian contribution to international
peace, security, and stability through the provision of quality
research, education and training in all aspects of peacekeeping.
http://www.peaceoperations.org/
Association for Conflict
Resolution
ACR represents and serves a diverse national and international
audience that includes more than 6000 mediators, arbitrators,
facilitators, educators, and others involved in the field of
conflict resolution and collaborative decision-making.
http://www.acresolution.org/
Center for Civic Cooperation
The Center for Civic Cooperation (CGS)-Grada?ac is dedicated
to raising the civic consciousness of the people living within
Grada?ac through a variety of participatory educational and civic-based
activities. These activities are aimed at encouraging inter-ethnic
cooperation and peaceful co-existence between Bosnians, Croats
and Serbs, as well as promoting civic values, democratic practices
and stimulation of active citizen participation at both the local
and regional level.
http://www.cgs-gradacac.org/
Berghof Research Center
The Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management
initiates, supports and monitors projects and institutions which
aim to transform ethnopolitical conflicts. In order to monitor
and support peacebuilding processes over the longer term, the
Berghof Research Center aims to interlink four core areas of
work: 1) practically oriented research; 2) support for local
peace initiatives; 3) networking; and 4) policy advice.
http://www.berghof-center.org/
African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
(ACCORD) is an international civil-society organisation working
throughout Africa to bring appropriate African solutions to the
challenges posed by conflict on our continent.
http://www.accord.org.za/web.nsf
The Conflict, Development
and Peace Network
This website is a forum for the sharing of ideas, knowledge
and experience, and for the discussion of policy and practice
relating to conflict, development and peace. It also contains
a database with information on organisations, agencies, institutions,
government departments, networks and individuals who are working
in the fields of conflict, development and peace.
http://www.codep.org.uk/
Responding to Conflict
Responding to Conflict (RTC) is an international, not-for-profit
agency, based in Birmingham (UK). RTC provide advice, cross-cultural
training and longer-term support to people working for peace,
development, rights and humanitarian assistance in societies
affected or threatened by violent conflict. The focus of their
work is on strengthening both practice and policy-making, and
our aim is to help build action-oriented capacity for conflict
transformation and peace-building in the areas where it is most
needed.
http://www.respond.org/
Amnesty International
AI undertakes research and action focused on preventing and
ending grave abuses of the rights to physical and mental integrity,
freedom of conscience and expression, and freedom from discrimination,
within the context of its work to promote all human rights.
http://web.amnesty.org/pages/aboutai_index
Internet Resources
CRInfo: Comprehensive Gateway to Conflict Resolution
Resources.
CRInfo
is a joint field-wide effort to utilize the power of the World
Wide Web to make information on conflict resolution, peace, and
dispute resolution more easily accessible.
http://www.crinfo.org/acron/
International Conflict Research (INCORE)
The Conflict Data Service (CDS) of INCORE is an entry point
to an information network in the field of Conflict Resolution
and Ethnicity, providing quick and user-friendly access to quality
information.
http://www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds
Selected Bibliography
by Catherine Morris
This site contains many references about conflict resolution,
peace research and peacebuilding.
http://www.peacemakers.ca/bibliography/bib17links.html
Informations about Peace and Conclict by Robin J. Crews
This site provides essential information and links about institutions,
journals, conferences etc. dealing with peace and conflict research.
http://csf.colorado.edu/peace/
Conflict Research Consortium
The University of Colorado Conflict Research Consortium Web-site
contains a broad range of resources related to the conflict resolution
field's overall knowledge base and, especially, strategies for
dealing more constructively with especially difficult and intractable
conflicts
http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/
Inclusion or
non-inclusion within this site is not a reflection of the quality
of the material. The information and resources presented reflect the
individual views of each contributor and are not necessarily the opinions,
practices, or policies of INCORE.
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© INCORE 2010 Last Updated on
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